A solution containing a salt and hydrogen peroxide is formed together with oxygen gas. O The reaction involves a transfer of electrons. Forming the superoxide releases even more. poorly soluble in water. WebWe can say from the above observations that the order of reactivity is: potassium > sodium > lithium. Sodium, for example, burns with an intense orange flame in chlorine in exactly the same way that it does in pure oxygen. Use the BACK button on your browser to return to this page from either of these links. It also has a pretty low density and under standard conditions, it is the least dense solid element. Being an alkali metal, lithium is a soft, flammable, and highly reactive metal that tends to form hydroxides. Wiki User. The structure of the superoxide ion, O2-, is too difficult to discuss at this level, needing a good knowledge of molecular orbital theory to make sense of it. As mentioned earlier, Lithium carbonate (Li. Chlorine gains that electron and forms a negative chloride anion. Atoms with higher activation energies will react slower, although lithium will release more total heat through the entire process. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. That is lithium, plus chlorine forms lithium chloride, which is an ionic compound formed by the loss of electron from lithium and the gain of electron by the jury. Li2CO3. This will result in the bromide being displaced and forming bromine while the chlorine joins with the lithium to form lithium chloride. Chlorine's oxidation number in HCl is -1. Careers. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". 1 What happens when lithium atom reacts with chlorine atom? The What happens to lithium and chlorine atoms in a reaction? O Lithium and chlorine share the electrons that form the bond between them in the lithium chloride product. When lithium reacts with chlorine to form an ionic compound each metal atom loses? Readily liquefied by pressure applied at room temperature. Where electrons are transferred from metal ion to non-metal ion. It is understood to be non-vital in human biological processes, although it is used in many drug treatments due to its positive effects on the human brain. and lithium chloride according to the equation Cl2 + 2 LiI -> 2 The two ions are bound trough an ionic bond. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. The alkali metals react Lithium chloride is ionic compound, in which Lithium is a metal compound and chloride is a non-metal. There is more about these oxides later on. electronic configuration of lithium =2,1 electronic configuration of chlorine=2,8,7 Lithium donates one electron to attain the noble gas(helium) co Violent! Pure lithium will form lithium hydroxide due to moisture in the air, as well as lithium nitride (\(Li_3N\)) from \(N_2\) gas, and lithium carbonate \((Li_2CO_3\)) from carbon dioxide. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. The chlorides are all white solids at room temperature, and dissolve in water to make a But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Density (as a liquid) 13.0 lb / gal. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Saltwater naturally contains lithium chloride, which must be extracted in the form of lithium carbonate, then it is re-treated, separated into its ions, and reduced in the same electrolytic process as in extraction from lithium ores. Serious skin burns are possible and wear personal protective equipments (PPEs) always using this chemical. It is, anyway, less reactive than the rest of the Group.). This page examines the reactions of the Group 1 elements (lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium) with with chlorine. As products, two mole of LiCl, WebLithium may also be absorbed via the lungs. Lithium (and to some extent sodium) form simple oxides, X2O, which contain the common O2- ion. It compounds are used in certain kinds of glass and porcelain products. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Lithium was first identified as a component of of the mineral petalite and was discovered in 1817 by Johan August Arfwedson, but not isolated until some time later by W.T. Aqueous iodine does not act as a bleaching agent. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. This is then well on the way to forming a simple oxide ion if the right-hand oxygen atom (as drawn below) breaks off. Chlorine will take this electron and form the chloride anion, Cl . Lithium metal reacts with chlorine gas to form lithium chloride. dissolved and a colourless aqueous solution is given.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[728,90],'chemistryscl_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_3',110,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-chemistryscl_com-medrectangle-3-0'); In this tutorial, we will discuss followings. At the top of the Group, the small ions with a higher charge density tend to polarise the more complicated oxide ions to the point of destruction. For the record, it also reacts with the nitrogen in the air to give lithium nitride. Lithium atoms are oxidized to form Li+ cations. Lithium chloride is soluble in water and give a colourless aqueous solution. You will need to use the BACK BUTTON on your browser to come back here afterwards. acid solutions show pH values much loess than 7 due to its strong acidic nature. The switch between micro and macro is most times very difficult for a lot of people. In the question the two realms are mixed: to speak about a lit Saltwater is channeled into shallow ponds and over a period of a year or more, water evaporates out to leave behind various salts. Now imagine bringing a small positive ion close to the peroxide ion. The amount of heat evolved per mole of rubidium in forming its various oxides is: The values for the various potassium oxides show exactly the same trends. As the next step, write the balanced equation between Li2CO3 and HCl, Li2CO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) 2LiCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l). The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Small pieces of sodium burn in air with often little more than an orange glow. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. HCl: You should be extremely careful when diluted HCl solution is prepared by concentrated HCl becauase HCl vapour can harm eyes and skin. Potassium, rubidium and caesium form superoxides, XO2. The solution is then treated with sodium carbonate in order for usable lithium carbonate to precipitate out. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. The resulting compound is called lithium chloride. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. This time, a solution of the metal hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide is formed, but oxygen gas is given off as well. The Lithium atom has become a positive ion and chlorine atom has become a lithium ion. 2 What compound is formed when lithium combines with chlorine? Study now. Legal. Both metals catch fire in air and produce superoxides, RbO2 and CsO2. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. The molar mass is 42.39 g/mol. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Observation Lithium burns with red flame and produces white powder immediately after reaction. For a lithium-ion battery containing LiCoO, Group 17 Halogens (lithium forms strongly inic bonds with them, as halogens are highly electronegative and lithium has a free electron). Lithium has a higher atomic radius than most of the elements on the Periodic Table. Chlorine is a potent irritant to the eyes, the upper respiratory tract, and lungs. Small pieces of potassium heated in air tend to just melt and turn instantly into a mixture of potassium peroxide and potassium superoxide without any flame being seen. According to the balanced equation, 2 moles of HCl are required to react with 1 mol of Li2CO3. But, there is only 0.01 mol of HCl available to react with 0.01 mol of I assume the same thing to be true of the caesium oxides, although I couldn't find all the figures to be able to check it. Lithium Chloride The chemical compound LiCl is made up of two elements, lithium and chlorine. 8600 Rockville Pike Lithium loses its valence electron and forms a positive lithium cation. (a) Lithium reacts with chlorine to produce lithium chloride. It is less dense than water (with which it reacts) and forms a black oxide in contact with air. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. These are simple basic oxides, reacting with water to give the metal hydroxide. Here, we will see some physical observations and chemical properties changes during the reaction. Meridian International Research. What are various methods available for deploying a Windows application? What happens when chlorine and lithium react at room temperature? As a result, lithium gives electrons to chlorine when one atom of each comes into contact with the other. Chemistry of Lithium (Z=3) is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. The lithium chloride obtained from any of the three methods undergoes an oxidation-reduction reaction in an electrolytic cell, to separate the chloride ions from the lithium ions. In both Li. O A covalent bond forms between the lithium and chlorine atoms in the product. It does not store any personal data. NFPA This is due to their electron configuration, in that they have a single valence electron (Figure 1) which is very easily given up in order to create bonds and form compounds. With which group of elements will lithium form compounds the most easily with? It is a white solid formed as per the balanced reaction given. Cl2 7782-50-5 4R7X1O2820 Chlorine appears as a greenish yellow gas with a pungent suffocating odor. Lithium is an alkali metal with the atomic number = 3 and an atomic mass of 6.941 g/mol. Physical and chemical properties changes during the reaction, Ask your chemistry questions and find the answers, Identify carbonate ion in qualitative analysis, What is the limiting reagent and how Sodium (and to some extent potassium) form peroxides, X2O2, containing the more complicated O22- ion (discussed below). When the two atoms bond, lithium will lose its electron and form the lithium cation, Li+ . Lithium is a metal. Chlorine is a non-metal. The direct combination of lithium and chlorine would result in an ionic reaction with lithium becoming This means that lithium has 3 protons, 3 electrons and 4 neutrons (6.941 - 3 = ~4). Lithium is the lightest of all metals and is named from the Greek work for stone (lithos). Extra electrons not used in the reaction are donated to the surroundings. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. What is the density of cl2cl2 7782-50-5 4r7x1o2820? (4) Chlorine is the seventeenth element on the periodic table. One major web source describes rubidium superoxide as being dark brown on one page and orange on another! The other metals also behave the same way in both gases. The superoxide ions are even more easily pulled apart, and these are only stable in the presence of the big ions towards the bottom of the Group. How do you I stop my TV from turning off at a time dish? These are all very reactive metals and have to be stored out of contact with air to prevent their oxidation. The opposite charges form an electrostatic attraction which is the ionic bond. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. January 2007. www.scribd.com/doc/11579770/Extraction-Properties-and-Uses-of-Lithium. O A covalent bond. Can banks make loans out of their required reserves? . The use of sulfuric acid, and then leaching with water, forming lithium sulfate monohydrate. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. lithium chloride So why do any of the metals form the more complicated oxides? Would we not get ion-formation? Lithium metal is oxidized, and chlorine gas is REDUCED. [math]Li(s) + \frac{1}{2}Cl_{2}(g) LiCl(s)[/math] Certai The use of limestone to calcinate the ore, and then leaching with water, forming lithium hydroxide. This reaction is not a redox reaction because 5 What is the atomic number of chlorine in CL? (1) At room temperature, lithium is a soft, silvery-white solid. WebWhen lithium reacts with chlorine it forms lithiumchloride .it is an ionic reaction and at the end of the reaction metal salt is formed Lithium is a metal so it have positive ions and We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. The word equation is lithium bromide + chlorine -> lithium chloride + bromine. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Join MyTutor Squads for free (and fun) help with Maths, Coding & Study Skills. Does lithium bromide react with chlorine? Lithium bromide react with chlorine to produce lithium chloride and bromine. It is the first member of the Alkali Metal family. Here, we will solve this problem in several steps. The formula for a superoxide always looks wrong! What experience do you need to become a teacher? Word equation: Sodium Bromide + Chlorine gas Sodium chloride + Bromine gas. Lithium, sodium and potassium are stored in oil. The table below shows the observations made under these different conditions. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Will lithium and chlorine form a molecular compound? The salt is a normal ionic compound, although the Li+ ion is small in size, it produces unrecognized effects for other alkali metal chlorides, such as exceptional solubility in polar solvents and its hygroscopic properties. What happens when lithium bromide react with chlorine? According to the stoicheometric equation, One mole of Li2CO3 reacts with two moles of HCl. 5 What makes the ionic bond between lithium and chlorine? Brande and Sir Humphry Davy. How does bonding occur between lithium and chlorine? Hydrogen and chlorine react under Diffused sunlight to produce Hydrogen chloride gas(HCl). If the apparatus is kept in direct suight an explosion r Lithium bromide heated solution. In its mineral forms it accounts for only 0.0007% of the earth's crust. 2023 | Powered by w3.css |
(1) Chlorine is a nonmetal that gains electrons and becomes negatively charged. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Another potentially violent reaction! There is a diagonal relationship between lithium and magnesium. If the temperature increases (as it inevitably will unless the peroxide is added to water very, very, very slowly! Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. These reactions are even more exothermic than the ones with water. Both Li. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". is required to react with 0.01 mol of Li2CO3. The chemical compound LiCl is made up of two elements, lithium and chlorine. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. This is treated with hydrochloric acid to form lithium chloride. Type of Chemical Reaction: For this reaction we have a combination reaction. Using larger amounts of sodium or burning it in oxygen gives a strong orange flame. Toxic by inhalation. Lithium is a metal and chlorine is non metal When lithium reacts with chlorine it forms lithiumchloride .it is an ionic reaction and at the end of precipitate and when reaction happens, precipitate is However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. The covalent bond between the two oxygen atoms is relatively weak. Liquefies at -35C and room pressure. (1) Lithium is a metal that loses electrons and becomes positively charged. Lithium carbonate is a insoluble white Balancing Strategies: In this combination or synthesis reaction solid Lithium and Chlorine gas are combining in a chemical reaction to make Lithium chloride. It is a matter of energetics. 1. K + 0.5Cl2(g) = KCl Change in Free Energy: G(20C) = -409.3kJ (negative, so the reaction runs) Change in Enthalpy: H(20C) = -436.7kJ (negative, Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. NFPA The reaction of chlorine and methane is explosive at room temperature over yellow mercuric oxide. If the reaction is done ice cold (and the temperature controlled so that it doesn't rise even though these reactions are strongly exothermic), a solution of the metal hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide is formed. It also deals very briefly with the reactions of the elements with chlorine. Lithium-ion batteries, disposable lithium batteries, pyrotechnics, creation of strong metal alloys, etc. The rubidium doesn't show a clear flame colour in this video, although the caesium does show traces of blue-violet. They are stored either in a vacuum or in an inert atmosphere of, say, argon. Lithium's reactions are often rather like those of the Group 2 metals. The symbols o and x are used to represent electrons. Only three saltwater lakes in the world are currently used for lithium extraction, in Nevada, Chile, and Argentina. LiCl +I2. More recently lithium has become important in dry-cell batteries and nuclear reactors. From: Nitric Oxide (Second Edition), 2010 Beta-Catenin Agar View all Topics About this page Pharmacogenomics in Clinical Care: Implications for Public Health When chlorine reacts with lithium iodide The two products are? About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket (1) It also has one valence electron, making it easier for the lithium atom to lose one valence electron than to gain seven electrons to become stable. BUT . ", Shin, Y. J. ; Kim, I. S. ; Oh, S. C. ; Park, C. K. and Lee, C. S. "Lithium Recovery from Radioactive Molten Salt Wastes by Electrolysis.". The rest also behave the same in both gases. What is the chemical equation for lithium chloride? Lithium, the first metal in Group 1, reacts with oxygen to form Li 2 O and burns with a red flame. The diagram shows the electronic structures of the atoms and ions. Chlorine will take this electron and form the chloride anion, Cl . In its mineral forms it accounts for only 0.0007% of the earth's crust. Lithium loses its valence electron and forms a positive lithium cation. (1) At room temperature, chlorine is a greenish- yellowish gas. These have been found on each of the 6 inhabited continents, but they are mined primarily in Western Australia, China, and Chile. And also, in LiCl too, oxidation number of chlorine is -1. In this reaction, chlorine oxidizes iodide ions to iodide. Which area would be primarily affected by ankylosing spondylitis? This page examines the reactions of the Group 1 elements (lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium) with with chlorine. Again, this is treated with hydrochloric acid to form lithium chloride. Lithium ions serve in lithium ion batteries (chargeable) in which the lithium ions move from the negative to positive electrode when discharging, and vice versa when charging. 4 What is the density of cl2cl2 7782-50-5 4r7x1o2820? Lithium is unique in the Group because it also reacts with the nitrogen in the air to form lithium nitride (again, see below). When lithium atoms and chlorine atoms react to produce lithium chloride, lithium ions and chloride ions are formed. WebLiquid chlorine reacts explosively with polypropylene, drawing wax, polydimethylsiloxane, dibutyl phthalate, glycerol, and linseed oil. Type of Chemical Reaction: For this reaction we have a single displacement reaction. Aqueous chlorine and bromine are a bleaching agent. You will find this discussed on the page about electronegativity. It compounds are used in certain kinds of glass and porcelain products. As you go down the Group to sodium and potassium the positive ions get bigger and they don't have so much effect on the peroxide ion. How many scrollbars can be visable on the text area if your document is over 200 percent? Users who have downloaded and installed the WISER app on a mobile device or downloaded the WISER system to a desktop computer will still have access, although the data will no longer be updated. PubChem CID 24526 Structure Find Similar Structures Chemical Safety Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary (LCSS Molecular Formula Cl2 Synonyms 7782-50-5 Chlorine Cl Molecular chlorine. Lithium Chloride. The resulting compound is called lithium chloride. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The reactions of the Group 1 elementrs with chlorine are similar in appearance to the reactions of the Group 1 metals with oxygen. There is fizzing, because the reaction of any alkali metal with water will produce hydrogen, this gas escapes as fizzing The metal will become smaller and dissapear, because as the reaction continues, the lithium is used up, producing lithium hydroxide, which will dissolve in water. Put a "2 in front of LiCl on the product side of the equation to balance the Cl atoms. For example, lithium oxide reacts with water to give a colourless solution of lithium hydroxide. LiCl: Harmful if swallowed, Causes skin irritation, Causes serious eye irritation, May cause respiratory irritation. In each case, a white solid is formed, the simple chloride, \(XCl\): This page titled Reactions of Group I Elements with Chlorine is shared under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Jim Clark. Forming the more complicated oxides from the metals releases more energy and makes the system more energetically stable. A systemic resorption of lithium was shown in a study on 27 intensive care unit patients, who were mechanically ventilated with lithium This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. If you mean nuclei rather than atoms, the answer is No. The nuclear repulsion is so large that much higher temperatures and pressures are needed Lithium is most commonly found combined with aluminum, silicon, and oxygen to form the minerals known as spodumene (LiAl(SiO3)2) or petalite/castorite (LiAlSi4O10). 2Li(s) + Cl 2 (g) 2LiCl(s) A similar reaction takes place with the other elements of group 7. In compounds lithium (like all the alkali metals) has a +1 charge. A solution containing a salt and hydrogen peroxide is formed. The molecule is formed by one lithium cation Li+ and one chlorine anion Cl-. Balancing Strategies: This is a typical single displacement reaction. After this process, one of three methods can be applied. 2 What is the chemical equation for lithium chloride? What are 2 negative effects of using oil on the environment? this only works for the metals in the lower half of the Group where the metal ions are big and have a low charge density. WebQuestion: Lithium and chlorine react according to the balanced chemical equation shown below. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, Chemical Hazards Emergency Medical Management, https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/training/hazmat/erg/emergency-response-guidebook-erg, https://response.restoration.noaa.gov/cameochemicals, Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Responses (ASPR), ASPRs Radiation Emergency Medical Management (REMM -, Department of Transportations (DOT) Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations. The chlorine pushes the Br out from the NaBr. toxic if inhaled. If the reaction is performed at STP, how many liters of chlorine are required to One-to-one online tuition can be a great way to brush up on your Chemistry knowledge. Reactions with oxygen. What compound is formed when lithium combines with chlorine? The equations are the same as the equivalent potassium one. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. So when these two react there occurs, a reaction were lithium combines with including to form lithium chloride. Accessibility These observations are important to identify Word equation: Lithium + Chlorine gas Lithium chloride. There is a bit of video from the Royal Society of Chemistry showing the two metals burning on exposure to air. Depending on how far down the Group you are, different kinds of oxide are formed when the metals burn (details below). 1 What is the product of the reaction between lithium and chlorine? These simple oxides all react with an acid to give a salt and water. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Chlorine gas (Cl2) reacts with excess ammonia to give ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and Nitrogen gas. The reaction is shown below:- 3 Cl2 + 8 NH3 = 6 N \[ 4Li (s) + O_2 (g) \rightarrow 2Li_2O \]. How many valence electrons does lithium chloride have? The extraction of lithium by means of the chlorination roasting of -spodumene has been studied in the temperature range from 1000 to 1100 C for periods of time from 0 to 180 min. More recently lithium has become important in dry-cell batteries and nuclear reactors. Once again, these are strongly exothermic reactions and the heat produced will inevitably decompose the hydrogen peroxide to water and more oxygen. Again, these reactions are even more exothermic than the ones with water. WebLithium chloride (LiCl) increased the cytosolic and nuclear -catenin level, iNOS expression and NO production in primary human and rat hepatocytes and cancer cell lines. (Lithium in fact floats on the oil, but there will be enough oil coating it to give it some protection. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid because it readily dissociates to H+ and Cl- ions in water. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Lithium is part of the Group 1 Alkali Metals, which are highly reactive and are never found in their pure form in nature. The Reactions of the elements with Chlorine. What number comes halfway between 750000 and 1000000. Some compounds of lithium have been used to treat manic depressives. This means that lithium has 3 protons, 3 electrons and 4 neutrons (6.941 - 3 = ~4). Chlorine atoms are reduced to form This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. When lithium atoms and chlorine atoms react to produce lithium chloride, lithium ions and chloride ions are formed. Given that the weight of lithium is 12.3 g. The atomic mass of lithium is 7 g/mol. Given the excess amount of lithium and chlorine, we consider that the obtained antiperovskite in Figure 4 is Li-rich Li 3y (OH y)Cl (0 y < 1). - I have no idea what is going on here! to decide limiting reagent in reactions, Calcium bromide and sodium carbonate reaction, Lithium's only oxidation state is +1. What is the name of the compound? If chlorine is in the name, there is a good chance that there is chlorine IN the compound. (there are a few compo The hydrogen peroxide will decompose to give water and oxygen if the temperature rises - again, it is almost impossible to avoid this. These Hydrochloric \[ 2Li (s) + 2H_2O (l) \rightarrow 2LiOH (aq) + H_2 (g)\]. This occurs because lithium has the highest activation energy of its group - that is, it takes more energy to remove lithium's one valence electron than with other group 1 elements, because lithium's electron is closer to its nucleus. changed during the reaction. { Flame_Tests : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.
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